Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Coursework

In Shakespeares Hamlet, on that point are two characters that display qualities of derangement. They are Hamlet and Ophelia. Although they both appear to be insane at times, their downfall (or supposed downfall) is quite different. Ophelias crazed characteristics record up and intensify quite rapidly, until she is ultimately led to suicide. Her madness seems definite, and it is never questioned. The insanity or sanity of the main character is an arguable question. The issue open fire be discussed both ways, with significant support to either theory. Certainly, Hamlet has many reasons to lead him to comely insane, because of the pressure and emotional strain that he is suffering from. This faculty be enough to cause the character to become deranged, but there is much render that shows how Hamlet remains sharp and credible through it all. Although in some instances Hamlet appears to be crazed, there are many indications that his madness is only an invocation that he is purpo sely trying to portray. Horatio gives Hamlet some soundly advice when he says, What if it tempt you toward the flood my lord, or to the dreadful summit of the cliff that beetles oer his hind end into the sea, and there assume some other horrible take a shit which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, and draw you into madness? Think of it (I.iv.69-74). This warning might be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his murderous plan. In the following scene, Hamlet tells Horatio that he is going to regard insanity. If Horatio notices that Hamlet begins to act strangely, it is only because he is putting on an act, in order to fulfill a future purpose. Later in the play, Polonius questions the authenticity of Hamlets madness.... ...s on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Excerpted from Stories from Shakespeare. N. p. E. P. Dutton, 1956. Danson, Lawrence. tragical Alphabet. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom . fresh York Chelsea House, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Alphabet Shakespeares Drama of Language. N. p. Yale University Press, 1974. Felperin, Howard. Oerdoing Termagant. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1986. Rpt. of Oerdoing Termagant An Approach to Shakespearean Mimesis. The Yale look backward 63, no.3 (Spring 1974). Hart, Bernard. The Psychology of Insanity. London Cambridge, 1914. Landis, Carney, and James D. Page. Modern Soceity and Mental Disease. New York Farrar and Rinehart, 1938. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Norton Critical ed. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York Norton, 1992. Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Coursework In Shakespeares Hamlet, there are two characters that display qualities of insanity. They are Hamlet and Ophelia. Although they both appear to be mad at times, their downfall (or supposed downfall) is quite different. Ophelias crazed characteristics show up and intensify quite rap idly, until she is ultimately led to suicide. Her madness seems definite, and it is never questioned. The insanity or sanity of the main character is an arguable question. The issue can be discussed both ways, with significant support to either theory. Certainly, Hamlet has many reasons to lead him to becoming insane, because of the pressure and emotional strain that he is suffering from. This might be enough to cause the character to become deranged, but there is much evidence that shows how Hamlet remains sharp and credible through it all. Although in some instances Hamlet appears to be crazed, there are many indications that his madness is only an illusion that he is purposely trying to portray. Horatio gives Hamlet some good advice when he says, What if it tempt you toward the flood my lord, or to the dreadful summit of the cliff that beetles oer his base into the sea, and there assume some other horrible form which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, and draw you into m adness? Think of it (I.iv.69-74). This warning might be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his murderous plan. In the following scene, Hamlet tells Horatio that he is going to feign insanity. If Horatio notices that Hamlet begins to act strangely, it is only because he is putting on an act, in order to fulfill a future purpose. Later in the play, Polonius questions the authenticity of Hamlets madness.... ...s on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Excerpted from Stories from Shakespeare. N. p. E. P. Dutton, 1956. Danson, Lawrence. Tragic Alphabet. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Alphabet Shakespeares Drama of Language. N. p. Yale University Press, 1974. Felperin, Howard. Oerdoing Termagant. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1986. Rpt. of Oerdoing Termagant An Approach to Shakespearean Mimesis. The Yale Review 63, no.3 (Spring 1974). Hart, Bernard. The Psychology of Insanity. London Cambridge, 1914. Landis, Carney, and James D. Page. Modern Soceity and Mental Disease. New York Farrar and Rinehart, 1938. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Norton Critical ed. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York Norton, 1992.

Essay --

Sleep deprivation is a common condition that occurs if you dont get enough quiescence. In case of balance deprivation spate have trouble falling and staying sleepy for a long period of time. In order to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must postulate to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can cure sleep deprivation. Each year at least 40 million Americans suffer from long term, durable sleep disorders, and an additional 20 million experience occasional sleeping problems. About 60 million Americans a year have insomnia and it tends to increase with ripen and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men. It is estimated that 18 million Americas are suffering from sleep apnea, 12 million have RLS, and 250,000 are affected by narcolepsy. Adults typically need between 6 and 10 hours of sleep per 24 hour period, and most people need approximately 8 hours of sleep per day. Infants generally need about 16 hours per day whereas, teenagers require 9 hours on average. In the first 3 months of... Essay -- Sleep deprivation is a common condition that occurs if you dont get enough sleep. In case of sleep deprivation people have trouble falling and staying asleep for a long period of time. In order to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must need to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can cure sleep deprivation. Each year at least 40 million Americans suffer from long term, persistent sleep disorders, and an additional 20 million experience occasional sleeping problems. About 60 million Americans a year have insomnia and it tends to increase with age and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men. It is estimated that 18 million Americas are suffering from sleep apnea, 12 million have RLS, and 250,000 are affected by narcolepsy. Adults typically need between 6 and 10 hours of sleep per 24 hour period, and most people need approximately 8 hours of sleep per day. Infants generally need about 16 hours per day whereas, teenagers require 9 hours on average. In the first 3 months of...

Ethnocentrism Essay example -- essays research papers

Websters dictionary defines ethnocentrism as The tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of ones receive ethnic group, especially with the conviction that ones own ethnic group is superior to the other groups. When first reading this definition, one would naturally agree that ethnocentrism does exist in our world and society, often confusing it with patriotism. However, numerous do not realize that ethnocentrism is, has been, and continues to be a leading cause for violence in America. Different ethnic groups such as African Americans and infixed Americans deal suffered through years of violent crimes against them because of the white mans ethnocentric views of themselves when compared with other races and cultures.Ethnocentrism began to develop in America long before we were formally a nation. When Europeans first came to America and had their initial encounters with the innate Americans, the Europeans were so surprised about how different the N atives were. Their differences in language, dress, and skin color made them doubt that the Native Americans were even human. Stemming from this notion, the Europeans eventually began to consider the Natives as the other and felt that they were more civilized than the others. Amerigo Vespucci wrote that the Native Americans were worse than heathen because we did not see that they offered any sacrifice, nor did they have a house of prayer. Consequently, these feelings...

Responsibility of Designers to the General Public :: essays research papers fc

As this base could in most cases be considered controversial, this paper is simply the written with views and opinions that I feel just about this specific topic. According to Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary the term responsibility is defined as 1 the quality or state of being responsible as a moral, legal, or mental accountability. (http//www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=responsibility&x=0&y=0 )The question raised in this topic is what, if any, responsibility do graphic designers have to the general public? Should graphic designers be held liable for what their employers have them to do? In my humble opinion, I understand no. There is no responsibility of designers to the general public. It is the ones who pay for these designs to be held accountable. It is in my opinion that only the laws of the country and the moral laws or character of the psyche determine the responsibility of that person. While one could contest that a graphic artist should be respon sible for making mostthing that they knew could have a negative clash on others, I contest.The freedom of speech granted to us by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution allows people and graphic artists to express themselves in ways that some or even most of us would not approve. However it is well within their legal rights to do so. No matter how much we may abhor or dislike the views that someone else has presented in the form of graphic images for whatever purpose, we cannot take away their freedom of expression. That is what makes this country great, because it is that freedom, which allows the people who dislike or even off a specific ideal, to oppose it. It also allows them to present their contrasting view. I feel that as long as the graphic artist is abiding by the laws of the land then he/she is protected in a legal sense. However since he/she is putting forth some work for the public to view, he/she is open to public scrutiny.I feel it is up to the person viewing the artistic piece to take responsibility for what they view or do not view. For far too long now, we as a society have tried to shift or lay blame elsewhere rather than on ourselves. It is up to the individual to educate themselves on the topic the piece presents so they can have a firm stance in their position.

Essay --

Cloud ComputingCloud computing is a type of computing that depends on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or own(prenominal) device to handle applications.In cloud computing, the word cloud is used as a metaphor for the internet. So the cloud computing agent a type of internet-based computing, where different services such as servers, storage and applications are delivered to an organizations computers and devices through the internet.It allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and chafe their personal files at any computer with internet entrance money. E.g. Yahoo mail, Gmail, Hotmail.Cloud computing is provides on-demand self-service.Service Models-A cloud service is any resource that is provided oer the internet. Service delivery in cloud computing comprises three different service models.Software-as-a-service (Saas)-Saas is the model in which an application is hosted as a service to customers who access it via the intern et. E.g. Google docs, salesforce.com, CRM, ERP, email, social networking.It provides significant efficiencies in cost and delivery in exchange for minimal customization and represents a shift of operational risks from the consumer to the provider.User of Saas offering usually has neither knowledge nor control about the underlying infrastructure.Platform-as-a-service(Paas)-This kind of cloud computing provides development environment as a service.The consumer can use the middlemans equipment to develop his own program and deliver it to the users through internet and servers.It provides a well organized and graceful approach to operate scale-out applications in a certain and cost effective manner.The consumer controls the application that... ...tecture for scalability and availability as the public cloud but is restricted to a single organization.Community cloud-A residential area cloud is controlled and used by a group of organizations that have shared interests, such as specific security requirements or a common mission. hybridizing cloudA hybrid cloud is a combination of a public and private cloud that interoperates.References-http//cloudtweaks.com/2012/07/the-4-primary-cloud-deployment-models/http//south.cattelecom.com/rtso/Technologies/CloudComputing/0071626948_chap01.pdfhttp//www.cloud-competence-center.com/understanding/cloud-computing-deployment-models/http//www.wikinvest.com/concept/Cloud_ComputingReferenceshttp//www.thbs.com/downloads/Cloud-Computing-Overview.pdfhttp//www.priv.gc.ca/resource/fs-fi/02_05_d_51_cc_e.pdfhttp//cloud.cio.gov/topics/cloud-computing-deployment-models

Humorous Wedding Speech †Two Best Men -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speech

Humorous Wedding Speech Two Best MenGood flush Ladies and Gentlemen.For those of you that are wondering why there are two best men standing up here, its perfectly simple. Arthur wanted to appoint a best man for the occasion, that sadly couldnt find one, so he got two barely competent ones instead. So before I start, permit me clarify the role situation.Dennis, Arthurs university friend and very trustworthy, was responsible for carrying the rings in church. I am Steve, Arthurs childhood friend and very respectable with lager (beer). I was responsible for organizing the stag weekend (bachelors intermity). We both had the responsibility of getting him to the church on time, smartly dressed and sober but neither of us could achieve that last part. And, regrettably, we have both been asked to give a short speech. So why does it take two of us to tie the bridegroom? Well, as the man in Moss Bros said, Theres a lot to fit in. But you can rest assured that Ill be keeping my part brief as I know the other bloke (guy) can drone on for hours So what can I tell you about Arthur Wilson? He is my oldest friend and Im convinced that without his guiding hand while we were growing up I would have been half the man I am today and certainly twice as popular. From an early age we lived a few doors away from each other, so not only did we become big friends we also became great rivals, and obviously ... ...y became trapped in the sticky beer socked carpet, the music was too loud for a conversation and it was pretty dark as well. Everything was in Arthurs favour Playing leaden to get though, Linda tells me it was months before she fell for Arthur. But having witnessed how quickly they progressed to a cat and five kittens, Im not so sure. Ladies and gentlemen, thanks for earshot to Steve and myself. If youre having a fantastic time today - which Im sure you altogether are - thats a direct result of the months of hard work and meticulous planning by Arthur and Linda. They ha ve done an incredible job to make this a truly wonderful wedding, so please all stand as I propose this toast to the bride and groom.

Reaction Paper to Common Schools Essay

When I first started watching this video, I thought that it was just going to be another boring homework assignment like in all my other classes. To my surprise, the video actually wasnt boring at all. I enjoyed watching it and would recommend it to anyone to watch. I enjoy informative videos and documentaries. What stands out in my mind about the video is how God was actually brought up and taught in the schools back then. The minorren were given the book The Primer and the hornbook which had a prayer in it. Its crazy how much has changed since that time. Now in many schools when the Pledge of Allegiance is said, people will leave out under God because nobody wants to weaken anybody who doesnt believe in God.Even now when I look back at my elementary days, times have changed quite a bit. I remember when my teachers would have the class pray before we would go to eat lunch. As I child, I never thought that it was a bad social function to do. If anything, it would make children fee l a little more appreciative of what they have instead of what they do not have. There was also times around Christmas and easterly when we would do projects that would involve God but nobody would ever make a big deal about it.Recently I have foregone back and observed in a few classrooms in my hometown and it is totally different. Teachers dont mention religion at all. Children dont take down say the Pledge of Allegiance and if children have a conversation about religion amongst themselves, the teacher has them stop talking about it. As a child that had religion in school, I feel grateful I was able to have that. Some children dont have parents that take them to church or have anything to do with it and that little bit of prayer in school was the only thing they had. That gives children a sense of comfort that there is a higher(prenominal) power that is on their side.As a future educator, I feel like I know the boundaries as to where to draw the line with religion and school. I know not to be pushy or make any students feel uncomfortable about religion when they dont believe the selfsame(prenominal) way as someone else.

The Mad Woman in the Attic

In the character of Jane Eyre, Victorian-era women found a relatable every muliebrity who has been viewed by some as an emblem of primal feminist characterizations. An orphaned and self-sufficient cleaning wo homosexual, pitiable forward in her life al wizard, starting time by abandonment and thence by choice, she finds love in Mr. Rochester. However, in a disturbing turn of level(p)ts she finds he is already married to a mad woman who resides in the attic of Thornfield unbe admitnst to Jane and the general public. Fleeing the deceit of Rochester and the fracturing of her dreams of a familial happiness, she finds her own way with the selfsame(prenominal) determination.When her own great deal turns for the better and Rochesters to the worst she formerly more embraces him. All makes for a very dramatic and soci on the wholey telling casing of the black letter novel just now what of the madwoman in the attic? Rochesters insane Bertha, heard only through maniacal laughter and a n eerie presence? She creeps near the peripheral of Brontes masterpiece and though her importance as a device to provide an obstacle in Janes otherwise livemingly heavenly futurity can non be undermined, as a character she is shallow.What little information that is gleaned ab step up the woman is through the biased lips of Rochester. With Jean Rhys replete(p) Sargasso ocean Bertha reverts to Antoinette, a unseasoned white western hemisphere Indian Creole haunted and troubled by her familys past and trying to come to terms with her indistinguishability of being the colonizer and the colonized or rather as critic Elaine Savory has called this battle, Antoinettes dual location as oppressor and oppressed (134). Married to progeny Edward Rochester, a unnamed man in Rhys version, her essential self begins to deteriorate under the pressures of gossip and lunacy within her matrimony.Through the three separate of the novel, Rhys attempts to tell the explanation behind the story h er tale weaving amongst the blanks in Brontes Jane Eyre to give voice to Antoinette. With Rhys tale, the reader gains insight into the complexities of human relationships based on avaritia and the effects of the colonial structure on non only the oppressed tho alike the oppressor. Brontes tale of romance is contrasted and given more en turn onenment with Rhys examination of the debasement and enslavement of Antoinette by colonial society, a conquering husband, and the prison of her mind.Rochester is excessively recast, young and full of doubt and anger in Rhys scene we can envision in him the strange and dark middle-aged man of Jane Eyre. In the similar backgrounds of Jane and Antoinette, the reader can see an co-occur of these deuce characters into a single woman both taking different paths just holding the hand of the same man. One thrown into hell and the other finding her salvation. With overlapping motifs and characters, blanket(a) Sargasso sea and Jane Eyre becom e complimentary pieces each lending meaning to the other.The chronology of the novels, both individually and taken as complimentary texts, is interesting in respect to the government of the characters within their individual societies. In Charlottes Brontes Jane Eyre, Janes yarn follows a generally linear path from when the reader first meets her as a ward of the Reeds to her eventual re marriage ceremony with Mr. Rochester. Janes life is enmeshed in the cordial protocol of her time and reliant on the whim of others, she is thrown away only to find her strength and singularity in hardship.Her story is coarsely peopled with Rochester and the other persons residing at Thornfield, patch Wide Sargasso Sea provides a frame around and through Janes tale using only relevant characters from the original text. The three parts of Rhys book atomic number 18 positioned around and throughout Jane Eyres chronology of events. Middle-aged when he meets Jane, Rochester is only a young man in Wide Sargasso Sea whose still living brother and father cod cast their net (Edward) to the islands of the westernmost Indies to see what riches they can attain.Antoinette and Edward Rochesters story, in respect to Jane Eyre, takes place blown-uply before Jane was born(p) except for the threesome part which commences in the fire at Thornfield. The three parts of Rhys book are divided amidst Antoinettes early life and childhood, Rochesters story, and Antoinettes rambling from her attic prison. The first allows for an understanding of the characters of Antoinette and Rochester as products and victims of imperialism.With the freedom came an end to slavery merely also brought a new era of profiteering and exploitation. At the center is Antoinette, her family having lost everything with the emancipation including the little respect and well-disposed placement they had erstwhile held. Her mothers man and wife to Mr. Mason provided little reprieve as the seeds of hate had been h eartily sown. However, Mr. Mason presented a new context for the hat red ink directed at Annette and Antoinette, a image that briefly would be overtaken by Richard Mason and finally in Edward Rochester.As Veronica Marie Gregg nones, Mr. Mason represents a new breed of English merchants and imperialists who still seek to miss the economic life of the colonies and to coerce the labor force into working to ensure their wealth, even after plantation slavery has formally ended (91). The people know of his wealth and are not ignorant to profits he has made from the collapse of the system of slavery which left them third folk citizens and deeply devoid despite their freedom.With her marriage to Rochester, which is told in the second part and picks up a short time after her own first part ends, Antoinette discovers her own uncertain place not only in the limited society of the West Indies that she will always drop dead to magic spell never really belonging but also in the eyes of he r opportunistic husband. In part two, Rhys lays the groundwork for Antoinettes later complete deterioration by showing the hatred and hunch of Rochester. Almost the whole of Jane Eyre could fit in the gap in years that is seen between parts two and three.Jane is born, orphaned, cast aside, educated all within this space. Antoinettes jumbled narrative in part three illustrates the effects of Rochesters hatred and indifference, and the maddening effect of her imprisonment. There is no mention of Jane as Antoinettes world does not experience outside the small room that is her prison. The house around her is an unreal concept and its inhabitants figure little into her life as her struggle has now become completely internalized.As Elaine Savory explains in examining the lack of Antoinettes grip on the reality of her prison, An absence of attachment can be so severe that it makes the place seem unreal, as in the case of the house in England in which Antoinette is imprisoned (Savory 142) . though we dont see or hear of Jane in Rhys text, in taking Jane Eyre as the complimentary text it is a given that Jane is in the background of this third part just as Bertha/Antoinette exists largely outside Janes own tale.The two texts can easily be interwoven to provide insight where once in that respect was none but the question remains if this was Rhyss true intention. In both stories, we see signifiers of the times. In Wide Sargasso Sea, the story takes place within the context of the West Indies in the 1830s and 1840s, following the Emancipation Act in 1833 (Gregg 83). In Jane Eyre, the signifiers are more subtle but still present. Towards the ending of Jane Eyre, Jane is given the newly produce book Marmion which was published in 1808 (83).By this relation of dates, the two texts cannot be connected chronologically because according to the dating of the stories, Antoinette, the first Mrs. Rochester, would have not even been born when Jane, the second Mrs. Rochester, is he aring her laughing like a loon from the attic. These subtle differences in dates call to question Rhys decision to relocate the overall tale decades into the future and the intention of these discrepancies. Her intention appears to be not to counterchange the eventual story of Jane Eyre but rather to provide a different context for the reading of Wide Sargasso Sea.Rhys was fully aware of the problems in depicting her Antoinette within the context of Brontes mad Bertha, The West Indies was rich in those days for those days The young ladys West Indian Creole women who married Englishmen would soon once in kind England be Address Unknown. So gossip. So a legend. If Charlotte Bronte took her horrible Bertha from this legend I have the right to take lost Antoinette. And, how to reconcile the two and fix dates I do not know yet. But, I will (qtd. In Gregg 83).Rhys redefines Antoinettes grassroots struggle through this relocation in time, framing the tale within a context, that as V eronica Marie Gregg notes, seeks to articulate the subjective and locational identity of the West Indian Creole of the post slavery period(83). Antoinettes imbecility then becomes not a hereditary trait aggravated by alcoholism and promiscuity but a result of historical and social translucentions defining her as an Other, Not quite English and not quite native, Rhyss Creole woman straddles the embattled divide between human and savage, core and periphery, self and other (Ciolkowski 340).That history supports this characterization is no accident, Rhys used the legend loosely applied to Jane Eyre by Bronte and expanded it to the exploration of a single woman. As Rhys noted in a letter to a friend, very wealthy planters did exist their daughters had very large dowries, there was no married womans property act. So, a young man who was not too scrupulous could do very well up for himself and very easily. He would marry the girl, grab her money, bring her to England and in a year she would be mad (qtd.In Gregg 84). While Bronte chose to use class and gender as a center for her story of Jane, Rhys uses the characters of Antoinette and Edward Rochester to illustrate the broader effects of colonialism. Antoinette is the primary character explored and expanded upon in Wide Sargasso Sea, it is her character that spurned Rhys to write the text. Rhys notes in a letter to Selma Vas Diaz in 1958, The Creole in Charlotte Brontes novel is a lay figure repulsive which does not matter, and not once alive which does.Shes necessary to the plot, but always she shrieks, howls, laughs horribly, attacks all and sundry off stage. For me she must be right on stage (qtd. In Gregg 82). In Brontes text, Antoinette is Bertha, and is as Rhys notes a shallow character revealed more for her usefulness in the larger context of Janes life decisions than an independent character with distinct traits and history. The little information we learn virtually Bertha in Jane Eyre is through the dialogue of Edward Rochester and Janes visual and auditory perceptions.In Wide Sargasso Sea, the story of Antoinettes early life and circumstances are explored so that we can more fully understand the events which led to her eventual decline into in sanity while also viewing the larger concept of cultural disintegration. The novel begins with the first part of Antoinettes story and the stage is immediately set to show the class and racial issues particular proposition to their experience of post emancipation and the new intrusiveness of colonialism, They say when trouble comes close ranks, and so the white people did.But we were not in their ranks (Rhys 17). From the onset, Rhys establishes Antoinette as an outsider. though she is white, she and her family are not considered part of white society due to her mothers French Creole heritage. In Rhys delving into the depths of Berthas logic in madness and destructiveness, we find the reasons behind the shrieks and moans and fire that burns through Thornfield in Brontes rendition. The crazy mother Rochester describes to Jane as the root of Berthas own illness is rendered as a broken and ostracized woman in her inherited homeland.After the death of her husband and fall of the old plantation system, Annette Cosway is not only left to raise her two children alone but is kept separate from the support of the white class system which views her as an outsider, part of the hostility toward Annette stems from her being a French West Indian Woman in a British West Indian colony. This alludes to the centuries-long feud between the French and the English in the Eastern Caribbean (Gregg 85). Unlike the British West Indian women, Annette came from Martinique as a trophy wife for old Mr.Cosway. It is not so much his death that she mourns in the first section of the Wide Sargasso Sea but instead the end of the society that he represented. The collapse of this society rewrote the rules of race relations and class distinctions, s ince as Gregg explains The racial transcendence of the whites depends upon the economic ascendancy achieved by unpaid black labor. Without money, Antoinettes family become niggers, isolated from the rest of white society (89).Antoinette excuses her mothers preoccupation with this change because of her youth and inexperience with a world that was some(prenominal) different than the established plantation society, She was young. How could she not try for all the things that had gone so suddenly, so without process of monition (Rhys 18). However, while Antoinette is able to find reason in her mothers psychological collapse, it gives the community outside of the walls of Coulibiri a chance to begin talking.It is here that we see the head start seeds of the gossip of madness that would later reach Rochesters ears via Daniel Cosway. It was not only Annette who was effected by the West Indian constructs of race and class, before the Emancipation and after but also all those touched by the enterprises comprising the economic structure, All human relationships are marked by slavery and the plantation society, and all are constructed, for the most part, within these parameters.Christophine, we are reminded, was a wedding gift to Annette (Gregg 86). In this world, people are property, to be bought and sold, to be tied irreparably to their oppressors even when that oppressor is themselves. Annettes isolation is partly her own, she keeps herself sequestered and silent from the abuse that is hurled and directed at her family from the blacks and whites. Black society is much more forward in their feelings, while white society speaks softly and when they think no one is listening.Antoinette sensed the animosity from the whites and was confronted daily with that of the blacks, I never looked at any strange negro. They despised us. They called us white cockroaches (Rhys 23). Elaine Savory in her examination of the politics of a racially charged society observes, Displacem ent is a strong theme in the novel in relation to major characters such as Antoinette, her husband and Christophe . But substantial displacement across racial and class lines severely affects luculent self-definition.Antoinette finds herself called white cockroach by black people, yet she has no place in white culture either (139). At the center of Antoinettes feelings of alienation is not only her relations with the other locals but also the lack of love she feels from her mother, Rhys establishes a world in which everything rests on problematic and strained relationships between people of different nationalities, race, languages, classes, against which the struggle to maintain connection even within a family can seem puny and defeated (Savory 136).Annette is distant from her daughter as she turns away from the outside world in the decaying of Coulibiri and she remains at a re endure even as she shows more interest in Antoinette imminent social position or lack thereof. First ex posed to the renewed society, Antoinettes shabby dress makes her consciously aware of only her mothers judgement eyes, All that evening my mother didnt speak to me or look at me and I thought She is ashamed of me(Rhys 26). The judgment Antoinette feels from her mother seems, in light of her later fate, more a look of calculated understanding.Annette understood from firsthand knowledge the path her daughters life would inevitably take, both womens marriages are based on the economy of the slavery and post slavery societies, with their bodies as a site of negotiation in this economy (Gregg 97). The shame Antoinette imagines in her mothers eyes is really the cool assessment knowing that her daughter will be judged as property, enslaved in marriage. The fire at Coulibiri provides a closure to Antoinettes jaded childhood, When they had finished, there would be null left but blackened walls and the mounting stone.That was always left (Rhys 45). The they in Antoinettes narrative is the d isenfranchised and angry black mob aggravated by the new elevation of their preceding(prenominal) oppressors and a fear over the loss of work with the significance of foreign and indentured labor. As Veronica Marie Gregg explains, This intensely charged episode emblematizes the post slavery disputes about labor conditions between the plutocracy and the working people in the West Indies.In this historical moment, the ruling class, in order to secure its socioeconomic position and to control labor, sees punitive and coercive measures such as immigration and Asian indentureship as a viable response to the laziness of the African people. The freedpersons respond with material violence as part of their viable means of struggle and opposite at this point (Gregg 95). The individuals of the mob form into a solid image in Antoinettes selective sight, They all looked the same, it was the same face over and over (Rhys 42).The episode reinforces Antoinettes feeling of alienation and also so lidifies the division between mother and daughter, as Annette finally descends completely into alcoholism and insanity. Worn out and beaten(a) by the death of Pierre and the willful destruction of her home exemplified by her beloved parrot, she surrenders to her pain. Antoinette is at once orphaned completely, her stepfather serving on an absentee basis but still retaining guilt and thereby trying to secure Antoinettes future.It is interesting to note the similarities in the lives of Antoinette and Jane during the periods of their lives when they were both housed in charity house or convent. Both still have living relatives but find themselves living independently of familial love and guidance and both are able to develop relationships which seems, curiously in Antoinettes case, in a much lighter tone than her previous interactions. Her friendships are far more equal, as the other young ladies at the convent are all white and themselves of upper class descendency.Like Jane Eyre who finds her first examples of friendship as a charity ward where class distinctions do not exist as there is only one class, unwanted, Antoinette finds a similar niche, where she soon forgot about happiness (Rhys 56) and simply lived. It seems a contradiction to find comfort where there is no happiness but for Antoinette whose life has been at the mercy of emotion, the lack of it would seem a relief. For both women, this time period of their lives was the one in which they had the most ease. In Jane Eyre, Jane experiences few of the belittling feelings directed at her by the Reeds.After the death of Helen Burns, there is nothing else until Jane decides to leave Lowood, I am only bound to fire memory where I know her responses will possess some degree of interest therefore I now pass a space of octad years about in silence (Bronte 77). Similarly, there is little of Antoinettes life except the convent where Everything was brightness, or dark (Rhys 57). There is a difference though i n their views of their time spent secluded from the outside world. For Jane, Lowood is a temporary stop, a school and a home. For Antoinette the convent provides a solution to the outside world and not simply a new home.In the predictability she has found solace, if not happiness, in the mundane routines. However, Antoinette knows that the refuge she has been allowed in the convent is only temporary, sensing the fate her mother had seen in her from the day she was born a girl. She is not only a daughter to Mr. Mason or a sister to Richard Mason, she is an asset with her beauty and upper class distinction. In her final meeting with Mr. Mason at the convent, she senses her future and is frightened anew, It may have been the way he smilingd, but again a feeling of dismay, sadness, loss, almost choked me It was like that morning when I found the dead horse.Say nothing and it may not be true The girls were very curious but I would not answer their questions and for the first time I re sented the nuns cheerful faces. They are safe. How can they know what it can be like outside? (59). She has learned from the example of her mother that the security Mr. Mason envisions for her is not a security against the uncertainties and animosities of the outside world she has so far experienced. As a sensitive child, she ascertained what it was to belong to the upper class, and knows that despite marriage or perceived respectability she will always be at the mercy of anothers will.As a woman she is destined for either the convent or marriage, understanding what marriage will mean she prefers the convent. While later she fights against the imprisonment of Rochester, it seems only because she has come to an understanding of a third alternative which is freedom from either, first hinted at by her Aunt Cora. That Antoinette only realizes her freedom through her own death brings her initial fear full circle, Her fortune and her beauty make her a prized possession for him, an easy wa y to acquire his situation as an independent gentleman (Kendrik 236).When he realizes that he cannot attain this status through Antoinette he turns against her. The embodiment of Antoinettes fear lies in Edward Rochester, seemingly different from Brontes romantic hero but really an extension of his character, not so much a wholesale revision of Brontes existing creation as a reillumination and reemphasization of aspects that are present, though perhaps not stressed, in the Rochester of Jane Eyre (Kendrik 239).Unlike Antoinette, he plays an integral part in both Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea. Brontes Rochester is a middle-aged man, cynical and lacking the attractiveness that would usually be found in a romantic hero. It is this lack of attractiveness that allows Jane to feel proper in first speaking with him, Had he been a handsome, heroic sounding young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand thus questioning him against his will, and offering my services unasked (Bronte 105 ).With Jane, Rochester is proud, jaded, inquisitive and crassly gentle he is at once attracted to and inclined to suppress her independent streak but Janes ambiguous class status as a Governess prevents her from being an adequate mirror for Edward (Kendrik 240). They are able to overcome this class distinction only through Rochesters loss of property and face and Janes own inheritance. The largest distinctions between the Rhys and Brontes Edward Rochester lies in experience and the women of their lives.With Jane, Brontes Rochester has a puritanically astute woman whose will largely matches his own strength of character but whose properness largely outweighs any true acts of rebellion. As Terry Eagleton notes in his Marxist exploration of Jane Eyre, Brontes protagonists are an extraordinary contradictory amalgam of smouldering rebelliousness and prim groupalism, spout Romantic fantasy and canny hard-headedness, quivering sensitivity, and blunt rationality. It is, in fact, a contrad iction closely related to their roles as governesses or private tutors (Eagleton 30).Janes contradictions are largely predictable, Antoinettes he discovers are not of any kind he has known. Rhys turns back the clock on middle-aged Rochester to reveal the personality and actions of a much younger, much angrier man. As Elaine Savory explains, Rhyss Wide Sargasso Sea not only privileges the Caribbean but does a great deal to move Rochester out of the realm of the Gothic romance and explain his capacity for cruelty (133). In part two of Rhyss text Rochester is left intentionally nameless (Rhys qtd.In Gregg 100), as Gregg explains, His entrance in the novel is a beginning with no introduction no thematic preparation or signal to the reader. This is an inscription of the morphologic origins of the narrative and history of imperial Europe, which designates the West Indies as a blank space on which to inscribe the desires of European man (100). From the onset his acquiring of Antoinette i s that of the conqueror, their marriage is no love story but an arrangement made between Richard Mason and Rochesters father and brother.Given this understanding, the opening lines of part two, which could be read as a description of courtship take on a darker meaning, So it was all over, the advance and retreat, the doubts and hesitations(Rhys 65). In these lines we see not the mild flirtations of two young people but rather a hunter tracking its prey. In the beginning of their marriage it is notable that Rochester was not always seemingly against Antoinette but at first envisioned a real future with her despite her appearance of foreignness. On the road to Granbois he observes, She smiled at me.It was the first time I had seen her smile simply and naturally. Or perhaps it was the first time I had felt simple and natural with her Looking up smiling, she might have been any elegant English girl (Rhys 71). He attempts to draw parallels between the alien West Indian landscape and hi s own country, Next time she intercommunicate she said, The earth is red here, do you notice? / Its red in parts of England too (Rhys 71). By drawing this comparison he is at once dismissing Antoinette but also trying to locate himself within the larger world he finds himself.Though it is not addressed, it is most likely that young Rochester has little experience with the world outside of England and no concept from which to draw on in the landscape and people that he now finds himself surrounded by. He is deeply aware of the fact that his betrothal was not his own choice but is nonetheless occupyd from a collectors standpoint in the beauty and seeming malleability of his new wife, She spoke hesitantly as if she expected me to refuse, so it was easy to do so (Rhys 67). He asserts his dominance, even as the circumstances of his being bought undermine any goodwill.Even from the beginning his feelings are unstable, I have sold my soul or you have sold it, and after all is it such a b ad bargain? The girl is thought to be beautiful, she is beautiful. And yet (70). There is no chance for happiness to grow from this doubt because even as Rochester moves forward he holds himself back out of a sense of Englishness, in Wide Sargasso Sea he is the immediate manifestation and enforcer of the network of patriarchal codes (sexism, colonialism, the English Law, and the law which demarcates and creates sanity and insanity) (Kendrik 235).Antoinette does not fit into the definition of any discourse Rochester understands and is therefore permanently located outside of Rochesters feelings of self. During this beginning section of part two, we see one of Rhys subtle correlation to Brontes Jane Eyre. It is with this and other small concessions that Rhys connects the two texts in more than simply character names and geography. In his first days at Granbois, Rochester sits on the veranda with Antoinette making observations on the wilderness around them, in particular taking notice of a moth alighting by their candle,A large moth, so large that I thought it was a bird, blundered into one of the candles, put it out and fell to the floor. I took the beautiful creature up in my handkerchief and put it on the railing. For a moment it was still and by the dim candlelight I could see the soft brilliant colours, the intricate pattern on the wings. I agitate the handkerchief gently and it flew away (Rhys 81).In Jane Eyre, Brontes Rochester while on a walk with Jane draws her attention to a moths wings, Look at his wings, he said, he reminds me rather of a West Indian insect one does not often see so large and gay a night-rover in England (Bronte 220). By including details on the moth in her telling of Rochesters early life, Rhys draws a subtle thread connecting the older and the younger experience and memories. He becomes a never-ending character, present in both manifestations. Though the West Indian landscape harbors fond memories, it also embodies Rochesters do ubts and growing hostility towards Antoinette.In the brilliantly colored flowers and trees, the strange scents, and unknown regions of the islands geography, Rochester finds a metaphor for his new wifes inaccessibility, he has come to hate this landscape, because it signifies his wife and his failure to reach her, even to drown or control her (Savory 144). Like Antoinette, he cannot deny its beauty but also like his wife he cannot reconcile this type of beauty with his previous experience and knowledge, It was a beautiful place wild, untouched, above all untouched, with an alien, disturbing, secret.Id find myself thinking, What I see is nothing I want what it hides that is not nothing (Rhys 87). In describing Antoinette, he is similarly disturbed, She never blinks at all it seems to me. Long, sad, dark alien eyes. Creole of pure English descent she may be, but they are not English or European either (Rhys 67). He finds himself as unable to penetrate the unknown about her as he is the landscape. In his lust for Antoinette he makes his only connection and breaks down the barrier with which she has sought to protect herself, Very soon she was as eager for whats called loving as I was more lost and drowned afterwards(Rhys 92).Like Jane when questioning Rochester on how he will feel about her independence after the newness of the marriage has worn off, Antoinette is nark with doubts on her husbands true feelings toward her, If one day you didnt wish it. What should I do then? Suppose you took this happiness away when I wasnt looking (Rhys 92). In this exchange Rhys draws another connection between the past and the future Edward Rochester. His similar conversation with Jane, though less emotionally troubled than his dialogue with Antoinette, brings into question his dominance,For a little while you will perhaps be as you are now, a very little while and then you will turn cool and then you will be capricious and then you will be stern, and I shall have much ado to please you but then you will be well used to me, you will perhaps like me again, like me, I say, not love me. I guess your love will effervesce in six months, or less (Bronte 229). In this conversation, Jane senses that Rochesters love and admiration are fickle in nature, Jane has doubts about Rochester the husband even before she learns about Bertha.In her world, she senses, even the equality of love between true minds leads to the inequalities and minor despotisms of marriage (Moglen 82). Antoinette discovers this through her own experience with him. Though Antoinette brought wealth to the union, in doing so she forfeited that wealth, since by English law it becomes her husbands alone. Resigned to this, she lets down her guard and allows herself to love and lust after the man who becomes first her tormentor and finally her jailer. Jane Eyre knows a slightly different Rochester, less inclined to passion, but still fears for her own independence in a union under English la w.She knows that legally she will become the subordinate of her husband but Janes nature prevents her from willingly giving into this precept. Without fortune of her own, Jane does not break the same risk as Antoinette but nor does she hold to same status socially, as a younger son of the gentry, has suffered at the hands of social convention and so like Jane has a history of deprivation but unlike her he has achieved worldly success, buts a glamorous figure in county society, and so blends social desirability with a spice of thwarted passion and an underdog past (Eagleton 34).With this combination of traits so at odds with Janes own plainness it is easy to see the basis of her doubts. Just as Edward Rochester came to resent Antoinette for the society she represented and the wealth that bought, so also could he come to resent Jane for her lack of either class status or money.

Organic Chemistry Essay

For the cycloalkanes, one hydrogen atom has to be removed from each end of the hydro coulomb chain, therefore resulting to a deficit of two hydrogen atoms unlike in the case of alkanes. What is the three dimensional structure of methane? Why? Methane represents a tetrahedral structure. This is because the structure permits the orbitals to be as far obscure and the hydrogen atoms directed to the corners of the tetrahedron when the carbon is bonded to four other atomsName one structural and one chemical difference between acetylene and ethylene. Give reasons. acetylene has a carbon to carbon triple bond whereas ethylene has a carbon to carbon double bond. Acetylene is made by high temperatures partial derivative oxidation of methane while ethylene is made from the hydration of ethane What is the formula of 1, 3-butadiene? CH2==CH CH==CH2 Why is benzene much less reactive than 1, 3, 5-cyclohexatriene?Benzene has a carbon to carbon double bound that is alternating and strongly attra cted to another therefore making it unable to change an additional reaction like 1, 3, 5-cyclohexatriene whos covalent bonds allows it to undergo an additional reaction. Why is the benzene molecule represented as a flat cyclohexane with a ring inside? Benzene has alternating double leap that atomic number 18 usually in rotation in its structure Why do cis and trans isomeric compounds exhibit different properties?In cis isomeric compounds the methyl groups are located o the same side of the molecule while in trans isomers the methyl group are locate on the opposite sides. This in blow over indicates that the polarity of trans isomeric compounds is canceled out as compared to that of cis isomeric compounds. What is the difference between hydration and hydrogenation reactions? Hydration involves an addition reaction where water is used as the hydrant while hydrogenation involves a reducing reaction where hydrogen is used. Reference Robert Thornton Morrison. (1996). Organic chemist ry sixth edition Morrison new jersey

The Impacts Of Hazardous Waste On Nature Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrialization has caused a huge sum of risky compounds to come in our ecosystem and finally have a negative consequence on ecological diverseness, H2O handiness and human alimental concatenation. The past century has seen worlds populate and present a big framing of risky chemical substances into the natural environments. Waste merchandises from industries, agricultural procedures, structural stuffs, medicine/drugs, e-wastes and pesticides which all destructively consequence the environment.The ambiance, biosphere and the hydrosphere, work in unison to trounceher to interpret a habitable environment to the life being of the universe. Chemicals penetrate dirt, enter the air as emanations and the H2O as wastewater, finally poisoning aquatic beings and impacting the dirts superpower to back up workss. Carbon dioxide which is the chief subscriber to the nursery consequence and clime alteration is in any case caused by industrial emanations. Chlorofluorocarbons caused ozone deple tion planet and over decennaries has caused an inflow of ultraviolent radiation sickness into our planet. Pesticides and fertilisers from farms and gardens overflow into the H2O supply doing eutrophication, the physique up of algae in the river and lake systems doing decease to aquatic beings and doing it impossible to last. There are besides or so grave chemicals which enter the dirt and groundwater doing familial defects in workss and beings doing it difficult to last and reproduce, therefore doing extinguishings of certain workss and carnal species.A survey conducted in Southeast Ukraine tack that 0.8 % of the Dnepropetrovsk Region remains portion of the one time 100 % natural ecosystem. This part is known for its huge supply of natural resources. Due to provide industries live and began mining and fabrication, utilizing and huge sum of resources and bring forthing a big supply of waste, accordingly destructing the environing environment. Hazardous stuffs in ambiance, dirts , flora and H2O were badly contaminated and trials were conducted to govern the badness of the issue. Gritsan, NP. , Babiy, AP. , 2000 found In Dnepropetrovsk Region, the release and composing of industrial emanations caused the hapless air quality. In respects to the dirt it was found countries non populated by industries where smart and pollution free, whereas the countries like Dnepropetrovsk and Dneprodzerzhinsk which had a high assiduity of environmentally degrading industries consisted of chemicals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, lead and fluoride and where found in high concentrations. It was determined that concentrations of fluorides in workss turning near big or specific industrial companies were up to 15 times higher than normal. ( Gritsan, NP. , Babiy, AP. , 2000 )Food is a necessity for endurance and get downing from hapless disposal or industrial waste we are faced with a job that produces a concatenation of events stoping up in the caudex supply of developing fetuss and the blood and tissues of kids, grownups and wildlife species.Man-made risky compounds are come ining animate beings through exposure, inspiration or ingestion. These risky compounds produced by industrial procedures pick up up the food ironss, inappropriate disposal and leeching from waste and landfill sites and stop up in the natural environment and finally in the manufacturers and consumers. Worlds are the top of the nutrient concatenation and hence consume the overall accretion of risky compounds. A study conducted by Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek ( Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO ) in the Netherlands shows that some(prenominal) of the various types of risky compounds exist in human blood indicating that worlds are exposed to these chemicals. Exposure can be through additives to consumer merchandises or through nutrient merchandises. Since many of these chemicals have a lipophillic nature they bioaccumulate in the nutrient concatenation. The TNO group tested manmade chemicals and found that many of the compounds where nowadays in nutrients at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 ng/g.The World Wildlife Fund ( WWF ) study Chain of Contamination the Food Link found besides that the most of import exposure thoroughfare for many of semisynthetic chemicals was through a bioaccumulation. Chemicals being dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDT ) a man-made pesticide and Polychlorinated Biphenyls ( PCBs ) which are organochlorine found in early industrial merchandises. DDT and PCBs are passed through diet. WWF conducted trials on organochlorine, polychlorinated Biphenyls, brominated fire retardent, perfluorinatedchemicals, phthalates, unreal musks, Alkylphenols isomers of nonylphenol and organotins and found all these risky compounds to be present in nutrient merchandises across seven different states. The trials provide an penetration into the earnestness of this planetary job.Food being one concern, H2O handiness is another major concern. Many workss and animate beings need freshwater to last and risky compounds are come ining watership canal and polluting fresh water, doing it unsafe and unsuitable for ingestion. Slavek Vasak, Rianne Brunt and Jasper Griffioen in their study Arsenic in Groundwater research maps of groundwater taint based specifically on happening of no fresh H2O, high flouride, high arsenous anhydride, high nitrate and the pollution from assorted beginnings. In their research they found many states to enclose contaminatd H2O but really diffucult to nail less developed countries around the universe with the same job. Many states rely on groundwater for thier H2O supply and do non hold the resources and fundss to develop ways to take the chemicals from the H2O and are forced to devour contaminated H2O.Hazardous compounds have been used since the beginning of industralisation and it is merely in the past decennary or two where the effects of these compounds have affected our natural ecos ytems and manner of life and still their full affect on iving things whitethorn non yet be known. New chemicals and merchandises are being manufactured mundane all in which may do injury to the the environment. E-waste is a authoritative typification of recent merchandises incorporating types of chemcals which are harmful to the environment. In 2005 an estimated 697,000 metric tons of electronic and electrical equipment was consumed while 313,000 metric tons was disposed. ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.environment.gov.au/settlements/waste/electricals/index.html, 12/05/10 ) E-waste contains risky stuffs including quicksilver, lead, arsenic brominated fire retardents, Be and Cd. If non desposed right potentailly all the compounds present can leach into natural ecosystems and cause terrible nowadays and approaching jobs.Australia and the universe recognize they are faced with a planetary job in respects to risky wastes. They strive to restrict and forestall any amendss on the na tural environment.In 1992 The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.environment.gov.au/settlements/chemicals/hazardous-waste/conventions.html 14/05./10 ) was implemented and in 2002 was sanctioned by 151 states including Australia. Australia signed the Basel Convention in 1992. The Convention is implemented in Australia by the Hazardous Waste ( Regulation of Exports and Imports ) Act 1989. ( http //www.environment.gov.au/settlements/chemicals/hazardous-waste/conventions.html, 14/05/10 ) . It forced states to environmentally pull off risky wastes in a safe manner when importation and exporting. In implicating the minimisation of risky waste production, supplying disposal installations, cart track downing the motion of risky waste, pull offing waste with respects to the environment and prevent and punish illegal traffic of waste.In visible radiation of the above there are options at a lo cal graduated table where concerns and persons can forestall risky waste jobs in many ways risky compounds can be recycled, diminish the usage of risky stuffs in production, better labeling and record maintaining of stuffs, better storage and supply safer transit methodsThe environment is a complex system made up on interrelated ecosystems and any changes can do dramatic impacts on present and future environments. The impact of worlds is besides complex we live a complex life drift and as we progress technologically and as a species we do it at the disbursal of the environment. The extinction of species along the concatenation may intend the loss of utile familial stuff or life salvaging malignant neoplastic disease drugs or safer options to the unsafe chemicals in usage at the minute.In order to battle this job we need to weigh out the hazard and benefits of a munificent life style and happen options to go on progressing without destructing the natural environment.

Relationship between Father and Son Essay

Father and son relationships in The Iliad are not like you would overhear in America or in our burnish today, but there is still a developed love for one another. Priam and hector had a very strong and admirable relationship, yet it didnt watch over from seeing each other every day. Fatherly affection is not touchy-feely, nor is it necessarily given unconditionally or freely. Rather, a son must draw his catchs repute and admiration, and it is by leaving home and fighting his own battles that the son is able to get this. They spent more time apart(predicate) then they did together.The distance they spent from each other only made their admiration grow stronger. This relationship is unique, and plays a big role in this larger-than- disembodied spirit poem. I know for me, it didnt take being a great warrior or even earning my fathers pry for him to love me. It was automatic my father loved me instantly and will always love me no matter what. That isnt the case in that day and a ge. Priam was a magnificent warrior during a majority of the Trojan War and earned his retirement for this. Its only by following in his fathers footsteps and becoming a great warrior of troy weight will he fully gain Priams love. intimidate was seen as the greatest warrior of Troy and could not have been more of a hero in his fathers eyes. Hector never shied land from anything or anyone. He was willing to do whatever it took to make his father and even more importantly in his eyes, his country proud. From a mental perspective, one might interpret this self-motivation as the sons quest to know the father through the risky act of moving away from him in a literal sense, yet living his life in an effort to shadow the fathers actions and achievements. Priam precept this in his son and thought very highly of him.Prima didnt love Hector because of the fact he was his son, he loved him because of the man he became. Hector earned every bit of love and respect from his father. The dea th of Hector played a big role in the end of The Iliad. It was out front the fight of him and Achilles, and after he was killed where we truly see the love that Priam has for his most prized son. Priam pleaded to Hector to not fight Achilles alone, for he knew he would be taken down (Homer 206). He told Hector that he could not bear the death of another son slain by Achilles. Nothing he said could persuade Hector to not fight, but I think deep down he knew it wouldnt.Priam knew then how big of a heart Hector had, and he would do anything to see him survive this battle. For the fathers part, the absence is not a cause for thoughtful feeling. In Priams case, it is only when Hector dies that he feels deeply aflame and recognizes his sons achievement, that Hector has followed in Priams own heroic footsteps, a fact which confirms Priams greatness. We learn more about the love Priam has for Hector when we see what he goes through to retrieve his body from Achilles after he had killed hi m and dragged him away from his chariot (Homer Book 24).Keeping in mind that Priam is the king of Troy, he sets out at night and goes to where Achilles is staying. He then persuades Achilles with multiple pleas to let him have a proper burial of his brave and courageous son. Priam risked his own life of being on enemy ground, just to get back the corpse of his son. When he returned back with the body of Hector, his family and the people of Troy were very remorseful and you could distinguish how much Hector truly meant to his father.It was a love that Priam will never let go. In conclusion, even if father-son relationships arent traditional in our sense, you have to respect the relationship that Priam and Hector had. They became close because of the man Priam was, and the strive Hector had to be like his father. Hector had to prove his manhood and gain his fathers respect through blood and hardship. They both loved Troy more than they loved their selves. In the end, Priam and Hector had an incredible relationship and love for one another.

Online Hotel Reservation with Sms Notification Essay

A utilise is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting besides of a room with a bed, cupboard, a small t able-bodied and a wash stand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air-conditioning or temper control. The cost and quality of sanctuary are usually indicative of the range and type of service available. Due to enormous increase in tourism planetary during the last decades of the 20th century, standards, especially those of smaller establishments, eat up improved considerably. Resorts are independently assessed in traditional schema and these rely heavily on the facilities provided.most of the Resort provides goods and services using computer system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become full automated while others strive for the similar setting. Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do. They make programs that users domiciliate easily used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is in business, science or what ever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with automation at the core of this efficient. Today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy.World earnings or Web service technology becomes outstanding for living life to provide many kinds of service that facilitates the users to gather their needs. Users can search for many information, do reservation on any hotels or airline, resorts or do online shopping plainly still it is difficult to use and often require service consumers to spend too much time manually search and selecting service descriptions.WAP (Wireles s Application Protocol) define as a worldwide standard for the delivery and presentation of wireless information to restless phones and other wireless devices. As the world is moving towards a net- centric world, where Internet is becoming a world environment, along with the physical environment which acquires information and knowledge from the Internet, WAP has been designed to modify the user to access those information via mobile phones in a small display and limited keys on the keypad. The tourist may not be able to bring along a huge wireless device such as notebook to check for all pass information including airline and reservation, and go away guidelines because it might be inconvenient to them.Project ContextA traveler (tourist, or a businessman) or a local people have to travel quite frequently or not frequently, resorts must operate their services 24 hours a day 7 days a week to fulfill the demand for them and providing excellent service to their customers. Although th ere are guides provided to the tourist whenever they come to visit habitual Santos City which consist of many information related to resorts, but sometimes it is difficult for them to do the booking as they have to check for the information about location, room rate, and facilities manually. They will have to look through a pamphlet or ask the local people or counters for information. Sometimes, the travelers may prefer to travel by themselves without guide.They also have not done the resorts reservation before they travel. Even though there are many ways such as call booking and web service booking online to serve the tourist but since the tourists are not familiar with the places so they might do not know the contact number and difficult to find Internet Caf to search the resorts information. This system could be a tool that can help tourist for their quick booking. Once the tourist arrived in General Santos City, they might directly go to resorts by taxi without booking and som etime may find out that it is full. If they need to go to other places in the urban center and do the same thing, it would be inconvenient for them.In line with this, this project suggested that a new tool to be developed to help the traveler do their resort reservation right to their mobile phone.Purpose and DescriptionThis project aims to answer and solve the following queries What are the basic requirements for resort reservation system via mobile phones? Is this an easier way to search/browse resort information through mobile phones? Is this project useful for users to do the reservation system?ObjectivesThe main objective of this study/research is to create or develop a energetic Resort Reservation System. Specifically this study would like To design the system for Mobile Resort Reservation System that will include all information of the resort. To propose new and useful system or tools by the use of mobile devices. To evaluate the user acceptance on the mobile reservation s ystem.Scope and LimitationThis study will focus on a specific resort in General Santos City, to develop Mobile Reservation of resort in General Santos City that will allows foreign and local tourist to access the resort information of room and cottages booking and make room and cottage booking via mobile phone using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) services anytime and anywhere.

Bureaucracy, Intelligence and Homeland Security Essay

The terrorist tone-beginnings of September 11, 2001 shook the nation to its core. Politicians felt a tremendous pressure no. only to go on the attack against the terrorists, entirely also to steady-going the homeland. As a result the United States governing responded the way it often does in a crisis It created a huge new bureaucracy. The division of Homeland breastplate (DHS) was roleed to consoli exit dozens of agencies under wizard roof. Theoretic aloney this would streamline the operation of protecting the homeland. The Intelligence enactment of 2004 was designed to transgress focus this process while also protecting the civil rights of Americans.Proponents of the DHS argue that there has not been a major attack on American soil since 2001. This presents an incomplete picture of the certification landscape however. DHS is even-tempered very somewhat(prenominal) a work in progress. It has been plagued by many well- humankindized problems. The Department of Homel and warranter has not met the strategical goals and objectives set forth in the Intelligence Reform shape of 2004. Therefore, the DHS has not successfully provided national security. The roleplay and the Bureaucracy The consolidation of so some(prenominal) agencies under one roof was unprecedented in chapiter. primaeval fears that the bureaucracy would be so unwieldy as to be out of control seemed to be justified. later on 9/11 the government felt an intense pressure to do something. The lack of coordination surrounded by agencies was expose by these attacks. Creation of the DHS was an attempt to remedy this problem, but the bureau itself was a massive undertaking. In many ways it is an agency still trying to find its footing. The DHS began operations in 2003 with to a greater extent than 180. 000 employees (Brzezinski, 2004). It oversees dozens of agencies with a dizzying array of responsibilities.From the start the agency has worked against long odds and excessive expect ations. There is a gap between what the public expects of DHS and what DHS actually believes it can do. This makes it even more difficult for the DHS to operate effectively. A well cognise axiom inside the parole community enunciates that The terrorists only agree for to be right once we generate to be right every time. lag the American public is intolerant of failure. The reality that in the end the terrorists will succeed again is not well understood.In fact, The very notion of trying to design a zero-terrorist-risk environment is dangerously futile (Brzezinski, 2004). As the DHS scuffled by means of its first few old age, copulation and the American people became impatient. In 2004 Congress took action to reform the DHS and the intelligence and security apparatus. In an effort to re-focus DHS activities to the groundbreaking threat environment, Congress passed the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004. The Act revised a number of purvey of the National Security Act of 194 7. It set guidelines for information sharing, inter-agency cooperation and covert operations.Five years later some of its provisions have been addressed many have not. Prevention and Preparation The Department of Homeland Security is a vast establishment with a vast number of duties. It is obligated for both day-to-day protection of the homeland and strategic long-term efforts to prevent terrorism in the time to come. Additionally it must respond to attacks already under way and is often called in on natural disaster situations. DHS duties on any addicted day include, but are not limited to screening 1. 5 million airline passengers and inspecting 57,006 merchant marine containers very day DHS reviews 2200 intelligence reports. It stands watch over 8,000 federal facilities and pieces of slender infrastructure. (Brzezinski, 2004)The Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 was intended to further streamline inter-agency cooperation between the many departments of the DHS. In some cases, s uch as the soupcon of alleged terrorist cells in Buffalo, NY and Miami, FLA, better cooperation has been evident. However, reports of turf wars and lack of cooperation still sur baptistry periodically. In some cases the DHS has had a tin ear in regards to Congress and the American people.Frequent news stories have made the public aware of the vulnerability of U. S. ports. Only a tiny percentage of the cargo that passes through these ports is screened. Technology and men to do so thoroughly are still limited. In response to public pressure, Congress fortify port security provisions in the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004. The response from DHS was anything but pressing The Department (Homeland Security) resisted 100 percent screening and offered a half measure involving known shippers Congress in 2007 mandated full inspection of shipping containers, which has not yet been implemented. (Clarke, 2008)The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is primarily responsible for both p assenger and cargo security. It defends its record by pointing to several accomplishments. These include screening of 700,000 port workers and publish of directives mandating 100% screening of high risk cargo (The Library of Congress, 2004). These efforts still fall short of what Congress has mandated. Much recent focus has gone into the issue of frame up security. DHS has made progress on, but not completed a border fence. Border Patrol personnel have been increased.Technology for detecting wrong entry is improving, including the use of Predator drones to detect illegal crossers so Border Patrol can therefore be deployed. In response to criticism the DHS and ICE, its immigration division, have been forced to end the catch and empty policy that was in place for many years. According to the DHS, the number of illegal aliens interdicted at the border has decreased. DHS and the border patrol claim this as evidence that their efforts are successful. It is likely, however, that addi tional factors explain the decrease in interdictions.Events in Mexico, the downturn in the U.S. economy and more sophisticated means of entering the country also exemplify a role. The FBI and CIA in tandem with local police are employing more sophisticated surveillance and seem tools as well as providing security at large events that could be inviting targets for terrorists. Infrastructure security has better but many important locations still lack adequate security. These include local water/ lav plants, electrical grids, mass transit organizations and energy facilities. In the process of trying to provide such protections the DHS has had to face criticism from civil libertarians.An ongoing debate continues approximately where national security crosses the line into being an erosion of hard-earned American civil rights. This debate is likely to continue in perpetuity. The changing landscapes of threat and fear shift the position of that line. After the 9/11 attacks, Americans were much more willing to trade civil rights for a perceived sense of security. In the years since many of the actions taken during that time, such as domestic warrantless wire tapping and hit-or-miss airport searches have come under heavy criticism.It is likely that the DHS is engaging in a number of unknown activities that would be highly disturbing to the general public. This has always been true of the American intelligence and security establishment. There is no evidence that these activities are any worse or more prevailing since the founding of the DHS. In defense of the DHS, the organization must toe a slippery line. It is expected to take extraordinary measures to protect the nation. What is too extraordinary is never well-defined or unchanging. Bang for the Buck? The Department of Homeland Security has not been without certain successes.The Science and Technology Directorate has been a standout among the many branches of DHS. self-possessed of some of the finest minds in the world, the Directorate has made significant advances in a number of different areas targeted toward fulfilment of the Intelligence Act of 2004. The US-VISIT program has made progress in the area of VISA overstays. Behavior maculation software is helping agents at ports of entry to identify and address suspicious behavior. DNA mapping technology is helping to more quickly identify biological agents and assess any potential threat.At the analogous time an early warning system for these agents is in development. All of these developments have both civilian and host applications. On the forefront of information security is the Einstein 3 project currently undergoing testing. A Washington Post report describes the initiative this way the plan called for telecommunications companies to route the Internet traffic of civilian agencies through a monitoring box that would search for and block computer codes designed to penetrate or other compromise networks (Nakashima, 2009).If su ccessful, Einstein 3 could help ensure secrecy of vital infrastructure and security information. This is all the more important in light of recent reports of widespread hacking of government computers. Analysts suspect, but are still unable to prove, that North Korean or Chinese hackers are responsible for the repeated breaches in security. The American public may have strickled that the founding of DHS represented a massive financial enthronement in Americas security. In reality, the DHS budget is not substantially more than its individual agencies were already receiving. The truth of the matter is that Homeland Security is a shoestring operation (Brzezinski, 2004).This explains a lot active why measures deemed critical and necessary in 2001, and again in 2004, still have not been implemented. The agency is supposed to be free of the turf wars that plagued the intelligence community in the past. Because the individual agencies still residence for a limited amount of funds this is not the reality. The harshest critics of the agency believe that is too much about appearing to do something and not enough about actually doing something.The confusing color-coded terror warning system is one such example. Col. David Hunt (ret. ) writes of such efforts Colors, duct tape and wooden desks dont stopover 10 kiloton bombs or terrorists (2005). With a new administration in power the DHS is considering dropping or fixing the color-code warning system. from each one time the alert system is stated costs are incurred by local, state and federal governments. The public has become oblivious to the system since specific information about the threat or what to do are never given.The ability of Americans to travel freely is the key to its future prosperity. For that reason a great deal of attention has been given to transportation links such as railroads, subways and airlines. The results have been mixed. drome security, perhaps the most visible of DHS efforts has come under withering criticism. Inevitably errors will make better news than successes. The errors are numerous however, and come not only in the execution of policy but in the policies themselves. For example Our government keeps no fewer than twelve watch lists that we can choose from. estimation you, not one consolidated list that would be too easy (Hunt, 2005). Much of airport security has been federalized, but that does not mean the system is operating smoothly. The watch lists are anything but accurate. Babies and young children have been flagged. Even a U. S. Representative, Sen. Edward Kennedy was stopped because he somehow appeared on a list. Random checks that result in searches of senior citizens, disabled people and children have been a public relations nightmare for the TSA, the organization within DHS responsible for travel safety.Coping with these problems makes the jobs of airport screeners, many of whom are still being trained, all the more difficult. The TSA has require d airlines to make certain security changes like locking cabin doors. On a random number of flights an armed federal air marshal is seated in the cabin. The prevalence of these marshals is a secret held tightly by the TSA. Random security checks run by independent agencies still raise concerns about the ease of getting potentially dangerous material on board domestic aircraft.Meanwhile the lack of a terrorist incident since the attempted shoe bombing by Richard Reid has led to a fictitious sense of security. Since the border issue reached critical mass during the second term of President George W. Bush outgo on border security has increased. Critics worry that this increase has come at the expense of other critical DHS efforts. Department officials concede that most of the Homeland Security money is being funneled into one mission lordly the border with Mexico (Alden, 2008). The DHS and border patrol are fulfilling mandates of the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004.But lack support to complete many other initiatives. Analysis and Conclusion The Department of Homeland Security was proposed as an organization free of political influence. The reality is much different. A giant organization with tentacles stretching in numerous directions is inevitably political when funding for it is limited. DHS has the problems of any other Washington bureaucracy. The organization has garnered mixed reviews from independent analysts. To date there has not been another serious terrorist attack in the United States since 2001.A number of Al Qaeda and Al Qaeda- inspired cells have been infiltrated and brought to justice. The DHS should be given credit where credit is due in that regard. At the same time the actions of DHS have raised concerns that the civil rights of Americans are being eroded. It is also misleading to assume that the lack of attacks since 2001 is a strong indicator that the country is safe. In fact it is dangerous to assume so. The efforts of U. S. forces overs eas probably have had as much to do as anything with the lack of attacks on American soil.At the same time, the enemy who successfully executed the 9/11 attacks did so after years of planning. It is very likely that they, or some other enemy is studying the cracks in the Homeland Security apparatus in preparation for a future attack. This is a 21st century reality. DHS was given endorse after 9/11 to take shortcuts around the civil rights of individuals in the name of national security. Each successive generation of Americans will have to decide what they are willing to give up for a sense of security that may or may not be realistic.Has the DHS protected America from terrorist attacks? Yes and no. Some of the actions it has taken have had clear-cut results. Others have not. Can it protect the homeland for the foreseeable future? Probably not. The DHS has not met many of its original mandates, as well as the mandates from the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004. In certain instances it has shown the kind of bureaucratic inflexibility that allowed for the 9/11 attacks to take place. The American government has to be right every time The terrorists only have to be right once.

P&G Japan Essay

Slow, conformist and risk averse stretch, foundation garment and speed leading Innovation Team implemented a global rollout of Dryel and Swiffer Impact 18 months after entering the counterbalance test market they were on sales in US, Europe, Latin America and Asia Processes Performance-based component of compensation increase from traditional range of 20% to 80%. Extended the reach of stock options to virtually all employees corporate business planning cognitive process where all budget elements of the operating plan could be reviewed and approved unitedly StructurePrimary profit responsibility shifted from P&Gs four regional organisation to seven GBUs that would right off manage harvest-festival development, manufacturing and marketing of their respective categories worldwide Charged with standardising manufacturing processes, simplifying grease portfolios and coordinating marketing activities forfend bureaucracy and increase accountability Committee responsibilities wer e transferred to individuals Activities such as accounting, human resources, payroll and much of IT were unified through a global business service unitProgression form Ethnocentric/Polycentric- Regiocentric Ptolemaic SK-II within P&G this high-end proceeds had little visibility outside japan Because Nipponese women had by far the highest use of beauty care products in the world, it was natural that the global beauty care menage management started to regard Max Factor Japan as a potential source of innovation Working with R&D labs in Cincinatti and the UK, several Japanese technologists participated on a global team up that developed a new product involving a durable color base and renewable moisturising back coat LipfinityJapanese innovations were than transferred worldwide, as Lipfinity rolled out in Europe and the US within sextuplet months of the Japanese launch Implementation of O2005 in July 1999 half the crimp 30 managers and a third of the top 3000 were new to th eir jobs capabilities do not reside in management Global product development process Technology team assembled at an R&D facility in Cincinnati, drawing the most fitting technologists from its P&G labs worldwide US-based marketing team and Japanese team had the same task Japanese team came up with SK-IIIn the end, each market ended up with a distinct product built on a common technology platform. Marketing expertise was also shared, allowing the organisation to cause local learning Decisions Japanese Opportunity Tapping into P&Gs extensive technological resources extend the SK-II line beyond its traditional product offerings Although would take a considerable amount of time and effort, it would exploit internal capabilities and away brand image Product innovation and topnotch in-store service competitive advantage in JapanChina Operating since 1988 only Entrepreneurial beauty care manager in China several(prenominal) were worried that SK-II would be a distraction to P&Gs st rategy of becoming a mainstream Chinese lodge and to its competitive goal of entering 600 Chinese cities ahead of competitors Targeting an elite consumer group with a niche product was not in keeping with the objective of reaching the 1. 2 billion population with laundry, hair care, oral examination care, diapers and other basics Europe De Cesare new the European market wellWithout any real brand awareness or heritage, would SK-IIs mystique transfer to a Western market Organisational constraint De Cesare recognised that his end needed to comply with the organisational reality in which it would be implemented Jager openly questioned how well some of the products in the beauty care business fit in the P&G portfolio the fashion-linked and promotion-driven sales models neither contend well to P&Gs stack it high, sell it cheap marketing skills nor exploited its superior technologies From a local to a global focus

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 7. UNEXPECTED

The line of smutty advanced on me by the shroud- wish mist. I could fill their dark ruby eye glinting with desire, lusting for the kill. Their lips pulled tail all(prenominal)w present their sharp, wet teeth some to snarl, some to smile.I h decimal point the child behind me whimper, bonnie now I couldnt turn to look at him. though I was desperate to be authencetic that he was safe, I could not afford any slide by in focus directly.They ghosted closer, their black robes billowing s lighterly with the move ment. I saw their go by dint ofs curl into b iodine-colored claws. They started to thread a single-valued function, angling to come at us from each sides. We were surrounded. We were termination to die.And consequently, same a burst of light from a flash, the whole scene was different. Yet aught changed the Volturi let off s verbalizeed toward us, poised to kill. All that in truth changed was how the try looked to me. Suddenly, I was hungry for it. I tvanfe c/them to charge. The panic changed to bloodlust as I crouched forward, a smile on my casing, and a growl ripped through my bared teeth.I jolted upright, blow out(p) of the water come to the fore of the imagine.The room was black. It was similarly steamy hot. Sweat matted my h oxygenise at the temples and rolled voltaic pile my throat.I groped the warm sheets and set in motion them empty.Edward?Just then, my fingers encountered something smooth and flat and stiff. One sheet of paper, folded in half. I took the note with me and mat up my fashion crosswise the room to the light switch.The outside of the note was addressed to Mrs. Cullen.Im hoping you wont enkindle and notice my absence, scarce, if you should, Ill be tail end very soon. Ive unsloped gone to the mainland to hunt Go back to sleep and Ill be here when you wake again. I love you.I sighed. Wed been here some two weeks now, so I should choose been expecting that he would have to issue, but I hadnt been mob ilizeing almost sequence. We jutmed to exist outside of time here, just drift a spacious in a perfect state.I wiped the sweat morose my forehead. I felt suddenly wide awake, though the clock on the dresser said it was after one. I knew i would neer be able to sleep as hot and sticky as I felt. not to consult the fact that if I shut off the light and closed my eye, I was sure to see those prowling black figures in my head.I got up and wandered aimlessly through the dark house, flipping on lights. It felt so outsize and empty without Edward on that point. Different.I finish up in the kitchen and decided that maybe comfort regimen was what I needed.I poked virtu solelyy in the f disengagege until I found all the ingredients for fried chicken. The popping and hot of the chicken in the pan was a nice, homey sound I felt less neural plot it filled the silence.It pure toneed so good that I started ingest it right out of the pan, burning my spitting in the process. By th e fifth or sixth bite, though, it had cooled enough for me to taste it. My chewing slowed. Was there something off about the flavor? I checked the meat, and it was white all the behavior through, but I wondered if it was all told done. I took anformer(a) experigenial bite I chewed twice. Ugh definitely bad. I jumped up to spit it into the sink. Suddenly, the chicken-and-oil smell was revolting. I took the whole plate and move it into the garbage, then opened the windows to chase away the scent. A coolish melody had picked up outside. It felt good on my skin.I was abruptly exhausted, but i didnt want to go back to the hot room. So I opened more windows in the TV room and commit on the couch right beneath them. I off-key on the resembling movie wed watched the other day and quickly uncivilised asleep to the bright opening song.When I opened my eyes again, the solarize was halfway up the sky, but it was not the light that woke me. Cool arms were around me, puff me against h im. At the same time, a sudden pain twisted in my stomach, almost like the aftershock of catching a punch in the gut.Tm sorry, Edward was murmuring as he wiped a wintry hand across my clammy forehead. So much for thoroughness. I didnt think about how hot you would be with me gone. Ill have an strain conditioner installed before I leave again.I couldnt concentrate on what he was saying. Excuse me I gasped, assay to get free of his arms.He dropped his hold automatically. Bella?I streaked for the bathroom with my hand clamped over my mouth. I felt so horrible that I didnt even care at original that he was with me fleck I crouched over the toilet and was violently sick.Bella? Whats wrong?I couldnt reply yet. He held me anxiously, keeping my fuzz out of my brass instrument, waiting till I could breathe again.Damn rancid chicken, I moaned.Are you all right? His junction was strained.Fine, I panted. Its just food poisoning. You dont need to see this. Go away.Not likely,Bella.Go aw ay, I moaned again, struggling to get up so I could rinse my mouth out. He helped me gently, ignoring the timid shoves I aimed at him.After my mouth was clean, he carried me to the bed and sat me lot carefully, supporting me with his arms. viands poisoning?Yeah, I croaked. I made some chicken last night. It tasted off, so I threw it out. alone I ate a hardly a(prenominal) bites first.He set a cold hand on my forehead. It felt nice. How do you relish now?I thought about that for a moment. The nauocean had passed as shortly as it had come, and I felt like I did any other morning. Pretty normal. A unretentive hungry, real.He made me wait an hour and keep down a big water ice of water before he fried me some eggs. I felt perfectly normal, just a little tired from being up in the middle of the night. He put onCNN wed been so out of touch, world war three could have broken out and we wouldnt have known and I lounged somnolently across his lap.I got bored with the news and twis ted around to kiss him. Just like this morning, a sharp pain hit my stomach when I moved. I lurched away from him, my hand tight over my mouth. I knew Id never make it to the bathroom this time, so I ran to the kitchen sink.He held my hair again. peradventure we should go back to Rio, see a doctor, he suggested anxiously when I was rinsing my mouth afterward.I agitate my head and edged toward the hallway. Doctors meant needles. Ill be fine right after I brush my teeth.When my mouth tasted better, I searched through my cup of tea for the little first-aid kit Alice had packed for me, full of human things like bandages and painkillers and my object now Pepto-Bismol. Maybe I could settle my stomach and calm Edward down.But before I found the Pepto, I happened across something else that Alice had packed for me. I picked up the small blue box and stared at it in my hand for a long moment, forgetting everything else.Then I started numbering in my head. Once. Twice. Again.Theknock star tled me the little box fell back into the suitcase.Are you well? Edward asked through the door. Did you get sick again?Yes and no, I said, but my vocalism sounded strangled.Bella? Can I please come in? Worriedly now.O kay?He came in and appraised my position, seance cross-legged on the floor by the suitcase, and my font, blank and complete(a). He sat next to me, his hand going to my forehead at once.Whats wrong?How many days has it been since the wedding? I talk.Seventeen, he answered automatically. Bella, what is it?I was counting again. I held up a finger, cautioning him to wait, and mouthed the numbers to myself. Id been wrong about the days before. Wed been here monthlong than Id thought. I started over again.Bella he whispered urgently. Im losing my mind over here.I tried to swallow. It didnt work. So I reached into the suitcase and fumbled around until I found the little blue box of tampons again. I held them up silently.He stared at me in confusion. What? Are you move to pass this illness off as PMS?No, I managed to occur out. No, Edward. Im trying to tell you that my gunpoint is five days late.His facial expression didnt change. It was like I hadnt spoken.I dont think I have food poisoning, I added.He didnt respond. He had turned into a sculpture.The dreams, I mumbled to myself in a flat voice. Sleeping so much. The crying. All that food. Oh. Oh. OhEdwards stare seemed glassy, as if he couldnt see me anymore.Reflexively, almost involuntarily, my hand dropped to my stomach.Oh I squeaked again.I lurched to my feet, slipping out of Edwards unmoving workforce. Id never changed out of the little silk shorts and camisole Id worn to bed. I yanked the blue fabric out of the way and stared at my stomach.Impossible, I whispered.I had absolutely no experience with pregnancy or babies or any part of that world, but I wasnt an idiot. Id seen enough movies and TV shows to know that this wasnt how it worked. I was nevertheless five days late. If I was preg nant, my form wouldnt even have registered that fact. I would not have morning sickness. Iwould not have changed my eating or sleeping habits.And I most definitely would not have a small but defined bump sticking out mingled with my hips.I twisted my torso back and forth, examining it from every angle, as if it would disappear in exactly the right light. I ran my fingers over the subtle bulge, surprised by how rock hard it felt under my skin.Impossible, I said again, because, bulge or no bulge, period or no period (and there was definitely no period, though Id never been late a day in my purport), there was no way I could be pregnant The only psyche Id ever had sex with was a lamia, for crying out loud.A vampire who was still frozen on the floor with no sign of ever moving again.So there had to be some other explanation, then. Something wrong with me. A strange South American disease with all the signs of pregnancy, only acceleratedAnd then I remembered something a morning of internet research that seemed a deportmenttime ago now. Sitting at the old desk in my room at Charlies house with gray light glowing dully through the window, staring at my ancient, wheezing computer, reading avidly through a web-site called Vampires A-Z. It had been less than twenty-four hours since Jacob Black, trying to entertain me with the Quileute legends he didnt believe in yet, had told me that Edward was a vampire. Id scanned anxiously through the first entries on the site, which was employ to vampiremyths around the world. The Filipino Danag, the Hebrew Estrie, the Romanian Varacolaci, the Italian Stregoni benefici (a legend actually based on my new father-in-laws early exploits with the Volturi, not that Id known anything about that at the time) Id paid less and less precaution as the stories had grown more and more implausible. I only remembered vague bits of the later entries. They mostly seemed like excuses dreamed up to explicate things like infant mortality rates and infidelity. No, honey, Im not having an af sporty That steamy woman you saw sneaking out of the house was an evil succubus. Im lucky I escaped with my brio (Of course, with what I knew now about Tanya and her sisters, I suspected that some of those excuses had been nothing but fact.) There had been one for the ladies, too. How can you accuse me of cheating on you just because youve come home from a two-year sea voyage and Im pregnant? It was the incubus. He hypnotized me with his mystical vampire powers.That had been part of the definition of the incubus the capacity to father children with his hapless prey.I shook my head, dazed. ButI thought of Esme and especially Rosalie. Vampires couldnt have children. If it were possible, Rosalie would have found a way by now. The incubus myth was nothing but a fable. debar that well, there was a difference. Of course Rosalie could not conceive a child, because she was frozen in the state in which she passed from human to inhuman. To tally unchanging. And human womens bodies had to change to bear children. The constant change of a monthly regular recurrence for one thing, and then the bigger changes needed to accommodate a growing child. Rosalies body couldnt change.But exploit could. Mine did. I touched the bump on my stomach that had not been there yesterday.And human men well, they pretty much stayed the same from puberty to death. I remembered a random bit of trivia, gleaned from who knows where Charlie Chaplin was in his seventies when hefathered his youngest child. Men had no such thing as child-bearing years or cycles of fertility.Of course, how would anyone know if vampire men could father children, when their partners were not able? What vampire on earth would have the restraint needful to test the theory with a human woman? Or the inclination?I could think of only one.Part of my head was sorting through fact and memory and speculation, while the other half the part that controlled the ability to m ove even the smallest muscles was stunned beyond the capacity for normal operations. I couldnt move my lips to speak, though I cherished to ask Edward to please explain to me what was going on. I needed to go back to where he sat, to touch him, but my body wouldnt follow instructions. I could only stare at my shocked eyes in the mirror, my fingers gingerly pressed against the swelling on my torso.And then, like in my vivid incubus last night, the scene abruptly transformed. Everything I saw in the mirror looked completely different, though nothing actually was different.What happened to change everything was that a soft little nudge bumped my hand from inside my body.In the same moment, Edwards tele tele resound set set rang, shrill and demanding. Neither of us moved. It rang again and again. I tried to tune it out while I pressed my fingers to my stomach, waiting. In the mirror my expression was no longerbewildered it was wondering now. I barely noticed when the strange, sile nt tears started streaming down my cheeks.The phone kept ringing. I wished Edward would answer it I was having a moment. Possibly the biggest of my life.Ring Ring RingFinally, the annoyance broke through everything else. I got down on my knees next to Edward I found myself moving more carefully, a thousand quantify more aware of the way each motion felt and patted his pockets until I found the phone. I half-expected him to mellow out and answer it himself, but he was perfectly still.I recognized the number, and I could easily make why she was calling.Hi, Alice, I said. My voice wasnt much better than before. I cleared my throat.Bella? Bella, areyou okay?Yeah. Urn. Is Carlisle there?He is. Whats the problem?Im not one hundred percent sure___Is Edward all right? she asked warily. She called Carlisles name away from the phone and thendemanded, Why didnt he pick up the phone? before I could answer her first question.Im not sure.Bella,whats going on? I just saw What did you see?Th ere was a silence. Heres Carlisle, she last said.It felt like ice water had been injected in my veins. If Alice had seen a vision of me with a green-eyed, angel-faced child in my arms, she would have answered me, wouldnt she?While I waited through the split second it took for Carlisle to speak, the vision Id imagined for Alice danced behind my lids. A tiny, picturesque little baby, even more beautiful than the boy in my dream a tiny Edward in my arms. Warmth shot through my veins, chasing the ice away.Bella, its Carlisle. Whats going on?I I wasnt sure how to answer. Would he laugh at my conclusions, tell me I was crazy? Was I just having another colorful dream? Im a little worried about Edward. Can vampires go into shock? Has he been harmed? Carlisles voice was suddenly urgent.No, no, I assured him. Just taken by surprise.I dont understand, Bella.I think well, I think that maybe I might be I took a deep breath. Pregnant.As if to back me up, there was another tiny nudge in my a bdomen. My hand flew to my stomach.After a long pause, Carlisles medical cooking kicked in.When was the first day of your last menstrual cycle?Sixteen days before the wedding. Id done the mental math thoroughly enough just before to be able to answer with certainty.How do you feel?Weird, I told him, and my voice broke. Another trickle of tears dribbled down my cheeks. This is going to sound crazy look, I know its way too early for any of this. Maybe I am crazy. But Im having droll dreams and eating all the time and crying and throwing up and and I swear something moved inside me just now.Edwards head snapped up.I sighed in relief.Edward held his hand out for the phone, his face white and hard.Urn, I think Edward wants to talk to you.Put him on, Carlisle said in a strained voice.Not entirely sure that Edward could talk, I put the phone in his outstretched hand.He pressed it to his ear. Is it possible? he whispered.He listened for a long time, staring blankly at nothing.And Bella? he asked. His arm wrapped around me as he spoke, pulling me close into his side.He listened for what seemed like a long time and then said, Yes. Yes, I will.He pulled the phone away from his ear and pressed the end button. Right away, he dialed a new number.What did Carlisle say? I asked impatiently.Edward answered in a lifeless voice. He thinks youre pregnant.The words sent a warm shiver down my spine. The little nudger fluttered inside me.Who are you calling now? I asked as he put the phone back to his ear.The airport. Were going home.Edward was on the phone for more than an hour without a break. I guessed that he was written text our flight home, but I couldnt be sure because he wasnt talk English. It sounded like he was represent he spoke through his teeth a lot.While he argued, he packed. He whirled around the room like an angry tornado, leaving order rather than destruction in his path. He threw a set of my clothes on the bed without looking at them, so I assumed it was tim e for me to get dressed. He continued with his argument while I changed, gesturing with sudden, agitated movements.When I could no longer bear the violent energy radiating out of him, I quietly left the room. His manic ingress made me sick to my stomach not like the morning sickness, just uncomfortable. I would wait somewhere else for his mood to pass. I couldnt talk to this icy, focused Edward who honestly frightened me a little.Once again, I ended up in the kitchen. There was a bag of pretzels in the cupboard. I started chewing on them absently, staring out the window at the sand and rocks and trees and ocean, everything glittering in the sun.Someone nudged me.I know, I said. I dont want to go, either.I stared out the window for a moment, but the nudger didnt respond.I dont understand, i whispered. What is wrong here?Surprising, absolutely. Astonishing, even. But wrong?No.So why was Edward so furious? He was the one who had actually wished out loud for a shotgun wedding.I tried to reason through it.Maybe it wasnt so confusing that Edward wanted us to go home right away. Hed want Carlisle to check me out, make sure my assumption was right though there was absolutely no doubt in my head at this point. Probably theyd want to figure out why I was already so pregnant, with the bump and the nudging and all of that. That wasnt normal.Once I thought of this, I was sure I had it. He must be so worried about the baby. I hadnt gotten around to freaking out yet. My brain worked slower than his it was still stuck marveling over the picture it had conjured up before the tiny child with Edwards eyes green, as his had been when he was human lying fair and beautiful in my arms. I hoped he would have Edwards face exactly, with no interference from mine.It was funny how abruptly and entirely necessary this vision had become. From that first little touch, the whole world had shifted. Where before there was just one thing i could not stay without, now there were two. Ther e was no course of instruction my love was not split between them now it wasnt like that. It was more like my heart had grown, sleeveless up to twice its size in that moment. All that extra space, already filled. The increase was almost dizzying.Id never really understood Rosalies pain and resentment before. Id never imagined myself a mother, never wanted that. It had been a find fault of cake to promise Edward that I didnt care about giving up children for him, because I truly didnt. Children, in the abstract, had never appealed to me. They seemed to be loud creatures, often dripping some form of goo. Id never had much to do with them. When Id dreamed of Renee providing me with a brother, Id always imagined an older brother. Someone to take care of me, rather than the other way around.This child, Edwards child, was a whole different story.I wanted him like I wanted air to breathe. Not a choice a necessity.Maybe I just had a really bad imagination. Maybe that was why Id been un able to imagine that I would like being married until after I already was unable to see that I would want a baby until after one was already advent.As I put my hand on my stomach, waiting for the next nudge, tears streaked down my cheeks again.Bella?I turned, made wary by the tone of his voice. It was too cold, too careful. His face matched his voice, empty and hard.And then he saw that I was crying.Bella Hecrossed the room in a flash and put his hands on my face. Are you in pain?No, no He pulled me against his chest. Dont be afraid. Well be home in xvi hours. Youll be fine. Carlisle will be ready when we get there. Well take care of this, and youll be fine, youll be fine. lay claim care of this? What do you mean?He leaned away and looked me in the eye. Were going to get that thing out before it can violate any part of you. Dont be scared. I wont let it hurt you.That thing? Igasped.He looked sharply away from me, toward the front door. Dammit I forgot Gustavo was due today. HI get rid of him and be right back. He darted out of the room.I clutched the counter for support. My knees were wobbly.Edward had just called my little nudger a thing. He said Carlisle would get it out.No, I whispered.Id gotten it wrong before. He didnt care about the baby atall. He wanted to hurt him. The beautiful picture in my head shifted abruptly, changed into something dark. My pretty baby crying, my weak arms not enough to protect him.What could I do? Would I be able to reason with them? What if I couldnt? Did this explain Alices strange silence on the phone? Is that what shed seen? Edward and Carlisle killing that pale, perfect child before he could live?No, I whispered again, my voice stronger. That could not be. I would not allow it.I heard Edward speaking Portuguese again. Arguing again. His voice got closer, and I heard him grunt in exasperation. Then I heard another voice, low and timid. A womans voice.He came into the kitchen before of her and went straight to me. He wi ped the tears from my cheeks and murmured in my ear through the thin, hard line of his lips.Shes insisting on leaving the food she brought she made us dinner. If he had been less tense, less furious, I knew he would have rolled his eyes. Its an excuse she wants to make sure I havent killed you yet. His voice went ice cold at the end.Kaure edged nervously around the corner with a cover dish in her hands. I wished I could speak Portuguese, or that my Spanish was less rudimentary, so that I could try to thank this woman who had dared to anger a vampire just to check on me.Her eyes flickered between the two of us. I saw her measuring thecolor in my face, the moisture in my eyes. Mumbling something I didnt understand, she put the dish on the counter.Edward snapped something at her Id never heard him be so impolite before. She turned to go, and the whirling motion of her long skirt wafted the smell of the food into my face. It was strong onions and fish. I gagged and whirled for the si nk. I felt Edwards hands on my forehead and heard his soothing murmur through the roaring in my ears. His hands disappeared for a second, and I heard the refrigerator slam shut. Mercifully, the smell disappeared with the sound, and Edwards hands were cooling my clammy face again. It was over quickly.I rinsed my mouth in the tap while he caressed the side of my face.There was a tentative little nudge in my womb.Its okay. Were okay,I thought toward the bump.Edward turned me around, pulling me into his arms. I rested my head on his shoulder. My hands, instinctively, folded over my stomach.I heard a little gasp and I looked up.The woman was still there, hesitating in the doorway with her hands half-outstretched as if she had been looking for some way to help. Her eyes were locked on my hands, popping wide with shock. Her mouth hung open.Then Edward gasped, too, and he suddenly turned to face the woman, pushing me some behind his body. His arm wrapped across my torso, like he was holding me back.Suddenly, Kaure was shouting at him loudly, furiously, her turbid words flying across the room like knives. She raised her tiny fist in the air and took two steps forward, shaking it at him. Despite her ferocity, it was easy to see the terror in her eyes.Edward stepped toward her, too, and I clutched at his arm, frightened for the woman. But when he interrupted her tirade, his voice took me by surprise, especially considering how sharp hed been with her when she wasnt whine at him. It was low now it was pleading. Not only that, but the sound was different, more guttural, the cadence off. I didnt think he was speaking Portuguese anymore.For a moment, the woman stared at him in wonder, and then her eyes narrowed as she barked out a long question in the same alien tongue.I watched as his face grew sad and serious, and he nodded once. She took a quick step back and crossed herself.He reached out to her, gesturing toward me and then resting his hand against my cheek. She repl ied angrily again, waving her hands accusingly toward him, and then gestured to him. When she finished, he pleaded again with the same low, urgent voice.Her expression changed she stared at him with doubt plain on her face as he spoke, her eyes repeatedly flashing to my confused face. He stopped speaking, and she seemed to be deliberating something. She looked back and forth between the two of us, and then, unconsciously it seemed, took a step forward.She made a motion with her hands, miming a shape like a balloon jutting out from her stomach. I started did her legends of the predatory blood-drinker include this? Could she possibly know something about what was growing inside me?She walked a few steps forward deliberately this time and asked a few brief questions, which he responded to tensely. Then he became the questioner one quick query. She hesitated and then slowly shook her head. When he spoke again, his voice was so agonized that I looked up at him in shock. His face was dr awn with pain.In answer, she walked slowly forward until she was close enough to lay her small hand on top of mine, over my stomach. She spoke one word in Portuguese.Morte,she sighed quietly. Then she turned, her shoulders bent as if the discourse had aged her, and left the room.I knew enough Spanish for that one.Edward was frozen again, staring after her with the tortured expression fixed on his face. A few moments later, I heard a boats engine putter to life and then fade into the distance.Edward did not move until I started for the bathroom. Then his hand caught my shoulder.Where are you going? His voice was a whisper of pain.To brush my teeth again.Dont worry about what she said. Its nothing but legends, old lies for the interest of entertainment.I didnt understand anything, I told him, though it wasnt entirely true. As if I could discount something because it was a legend. My life was circled by legend on every side. They were all true.I packed your toothbrush. Ill get it fo r you.He walked ahead of me to the bedroom.Are we leaving soon? I called after him.As soon as youre done.He waited for my toothbrush to repack it, pacing silently around the bedroom. I handed it to him when I was finished.Ill get the bags into the boat.Edward He turned back. Yes?I hesitated, trying to think of some way to get a few seconds alone. Could you pack some of the food? You know, in case I get hungry again.Of course, he said, his eyes suddenly soft. Dont worry about anything. Well get to Carlisle in just afew hours, really. This will all be over soon.I nodded, not trusting my voice.He turned and left the room, one big suitcase in each hand.I whirled and scooped up the phone hed left on the counter. It was very unlike him to forget things to forget that Gustavo was coming, to leave his phone lying here. He was so stressed he was barely himself.I flipped it open and scrolled through the preprogrammed numbers. I was glad he had the sound turned off, afraid that he would catc h me. Would he be at the boat now? Or back already? Would he hear me from the kitchen if I whispered?I found the number I wanted, one I had never called before in my life. I pressed the send button and crossed my fingers.Hello? the voice like golden wind chimes answered.Rosalie? I whispered. Its Bella. Please. You have to help me.